A REVIEW: STUDY OF INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGE WITH CONSIDERATION OF SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION

Abstract

BRIDGES AREA UNIT ONE AMONGST THE FOREMOST VITAL COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS WHICH WILL SUFFER DAMAGES AGAINST EARTHQUAKES. ALSO, SEISMIC RESPONSES OF MOST BRIDGES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCED BY SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS. FOR INTERMEDIATE AND SHORT SPAN IAB BRIDGES, THESE EFFECTS ARE MOSTLY DUE TO THE INTERACTION OF THE APPROACH ABUTMENTS AND THE SOIL BEHIND THE ABUTMENT. HOWEVER, THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN IAB AND CONVENTIONAL BRIDGES IS LACK OF EXPANSION JOINTS, NO BEARINGS, REDUCED NUMBER OF REQUIRED PILES AND THE INCLUSION OF A SLEEPER SLAB. TAKING OUT EXPANSION JOINTS IN THE BRIDGES MAY CAUSE MANY DIFFICULTIES IN DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OUTSTANDING TO THE INTRICACY OF EARTH-STRUCTURE CONTACTS AND NONLINEAR MATERIAL BEHAVIOR. IN ADDITION, THE SECONDARY LOADS ON AN IAB INCLUDE SEISMIC LOAD, TEMPERATURE VARIATION, CREEP, SHRINKAGE, BACKFILL PRESSURE ON THE BACK WALL AND ABUTMENT, ALL OF WHICH CAUSE SUPERSTRUCTURE LENGTH AND STRESS VARIATIONS IN GIRDER CHANGES. THERE HAS BEEN A COMMON AGREEMENT THAT INDISPENSABLY PROJECTION DEVELOPMENT GIVES EXPANDED SEISMIC RESISTANCE WITH REGARD TO CONVENTIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH EXPANDED EXCESS AND COHERENCE. FINALLY, THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO RECOGNIZE THE MOST EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS OF ANALYSIS OF INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGE BY CONSIDERING SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS.